ScienceDaily: Top News

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• People afraid of robots are much more likely to fear losing their jobs and suffer anxiety-related mental health issues, study finds
• Producing radioisotopes for medical imaging, disease treatment
• A new model for capillary rise in nano-channels offers insights into improved hydraulic fracturing (fracking)
• Spintronic technology advances with newly designed magnetic tunnel junctions
• Revealing the microscopic mechanisms in perovskite solar cells
• Estimating the glass transition temperature for polymers in 'confined geometries'
• Manipulating magnetic textures
• Research: From Arctic to the Mediterranean
• Looking for signs of the Big Bang in the desert
• Cuantec: New force in the fight against food waste
• World's most efficient, environment-friendly solar cells
• Amazon River no younger than 9 million years, new study shows
• Having a laugh with recruitment
• Heat exposure associated with mental illness
• Transparent silver: Tarnish-proof films for flexible displays, touch screens
• Insulin resistance may lead to faster cognitive decline
• Boys secure in their racial identity seek more diverse friendships
• Does the universe have a rest frame?
• States can lower risk of measles outbreak by strengthening exemption policies
• Comet 67P is constantly undergoing a facelift
• Satnavs 'switch off' parts of the brain
• Caution needed for drugs in development for most common malignant pediatric brain tumor
• Dead zones may threaten coral reefs worldwide
• Coffee shops, 24-hour ATMs the best locations for life-saving AEDs, research shows
• Testing the efficacy of new gene therapies more efficiently
• Older mothers are better mothers, study suggests
• Organic electronics can use power from socket
• When helium behaves like a black hole
• Peers, more than teachers, inspire us to learn
• Electrons used to control ultrashort laser pulses
• New approach uses ultrasound to measure fluid in the lungs
• Better learning through zinc?
• Astronomers hazard a ride in a 'drifting carousel' to understand pulsating stars
• How the brain sees the world in 3-D
• Breaking the supermassive black hole speed limit
• New gel-like coating beefs up the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries
• Numerosity in humans, birds and fish based in brain's subcortex
• AML study correlates gene mutations with 34 disease subgroups
• How can a legally binding agreement on human cloning be established?
• Electrocrystallization: Breakthrough in gold nanoparticle research
• Sex-based differences in utilization, outcomes for CDT in DVT patients
• Clinical interviews effective in predicting postpartum depression
• Mars volcano, Earth's dinosaurs went extinct about the same time
• Parsley and other plants lend form to human stem cell scaffolds
• Does Mars have rings? Not right now, but maybe one day
• During learning, neurons deep in brain engage in a surprising level of activity
• Insight into day-to-day lives of parents raising children with autism
• Research spotlights early signs of disease using infrared light: New research
• Food insecurity in early childhood linked to young children's skills in kindergarten
• Intervention that engages youth on ethnic, racial identity can enhance positive development
• Energy drinks mask alcohol's effects, increase injury risk
• Mouse study identifies new method for treating depression
• Suicide risk is higher in first year after deliberate self-harm
• Quantum dots illuminate transport within the cell
• Infections during pregnancy may interfere with genes linked to prenatal brain development
• Shortage of drug to treat low blood pressure from septic shock associated with increased deaths
• Fish evolve by playing it safe
• Frequent dining out may lead to food budget-busting behaviors
• Interferon drug shows promise in treating Ebola
• Potential treatment for type of muscle and brain degenerative disease

People afraid of robots are much more likely to fear losing their jobs and suffer anxiety-related mental health issues, study finds Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:50 AM PDT “Technophobes” — people who fear robots, artificial intelligence and new technology that they don’t understand — are much more likely to be afraid of losing their jobs due to technology and to suffer anxiety-related mental health issues, a researcher says.

Producing radioisotopes for medical imaging, disease treatment Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:42 AM PDT Accelerators built to explore the building blocks of matter help to feed the nation's need for certain critical radioisotopes used to diagnose, track, and treat disease.

A new model for capillary rise in nano-channels offers insights into improved hydraulic fracturing (fracking) Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:40 AM PDT With fracking, scientists have calculated the expected level of capillary rise with the Lucas-Washburn equation, a mathematical model whose earliest parameters were first devised nearly a century ago. The challenge, however, is that that the equation has not been completely accurate in predicting the actual rise observed in nano-capillary laboratory experiments.

Spintronic technology advances with newly designed magnetic tunnel junctions Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:40 AM PDT Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have played a central role in spintronic devices, and researchers are working to improve their performance. A prominent achievement that accelerated the technology's practical applications was the realization of giant tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios by using rock-salt type MgO crystalline barrier. Researchers have now succeeded in applying MgGa2O4 to a tunnel barrier, the core part of an MTJ, as an alternative material to more conventional insulators.

Revealing the microscopic mechanisms in perovskite solar cells Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:40 AM PDT In just a few years, researchers have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency with materials with perovskite crystal structure, comparable with the best photovoltaic materials available. Now, researchers have revealed the physics for how an important component of a perovskite solar cell works -- a finding that could lead to improved solar cells or even newer and better materials.

Estimating the glass transition temperature for polymers in 'confined geometries' Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:40 AM PDT Polystyrene has a glass transition temperature of about 100 C -- at room temperature it behaves like a solid material. But as its temperature approaches the glass transition temperature, polystyrene’s mechanical properties change drastically. This makes the ability to approximate glass transitions for confined geometries in polymers highly desirable. And now, as researchers report that they’ve developed a simple formula to do just that.

Manipulating magnetic textures Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:40 AM PDT While the ability to easily control the magnetic properties of small electronic systems is highly desirable for future small electronics and data storage, an effective solution has proven to be extremely elusive. But now, a group of researchers reports a simple way to gain control of magnetism that starts by controlling the shape of the systems.

Research: From Arctic to the Mediterranean Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:39 AM PDT Lakes, rivers, estuaries and oceans are closely connected. Despite this, aquatic research is still divided in marine and freshwater sciences. Now, scientists from 19 leading research institutes and universities and two enterprises from 12 countries across Europe aim to change this and have joined forces in the project "AQUACOSM - Network of Leading European AQUAtic MesoCOSM Facilities Connecting Mountains to Oceans from the Arctic to the Mediterranean". The network will perform the first systematic large-scale experiments in both freshwater and marine ecosystems.

Looking for signs of the Big Bang in the desert Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:39 AM PDT The silence of an immense desolate land in which to search for reverberations coming from the time at which everything began. The Simons Observatory will be built in the Chilean Atacama desert at an altitude of several thousand meters for the purposes of studying primordial gravitational waves which originated in the first instants of the Big Bang.

Cuantec: New force in the fight against food waste Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:39 AM PDT CuanTec is a start-up company with a positive and practical solution to the disposal of seafood waste, which exacts a heavy cost, both financially and environmentally.

World's most efficient, environment-friendly solar cells Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:38 AM PDT In the future, solar cells can become twice as efficient by employing a few smart little nano-tricks, suggest investigators in a new report.

Amazon River no younger than 9 million years, new study shows Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:38 AM PDT Researchers have determined the age of the formation of the Amazon River at 9.4 to 9 million years ago with data that convincingly refutes substantial younger estimates.

Having a laugh with recruitment Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:36 AM PDT Can humour on social media help managers find the most appropriate candidates for the job vacancies they hope to fill? Researchers suggest that humorous recruitment campaigns can increase exposure for a given job ad but conversely the approach might lead to flippant applications at which point it might be difficult to separate the serious candidate from an inappropriate one. The team also suggests that choosing a particular social media channel over another may skew the type of applicants they receive for a given job, for better or worse.

Heat exposure associated with mental illness Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:36 AM PDT A mental hospital-based study in Hanoi, Vietnam looked at if there is a relationship between heat exposure and mental health problems. The results showed significant increase in hospital admissions for mental illnesses during periods of heatwaves, especially during longer periods of heat exposure.

Transparent silver: Tarnish-proof films for flexible displays, touch screens Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:26 AM PDT The thinnest, smoothest layer of silver that can survive air exposure could change the way touchscreens and flat or flexible displays are made.

Insulin resistance may lead to faster cognitive decline Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Insulin resistance, caused in part by obesity and physical inactivity, is also linked to a more rapid decline in cognitive performance, new research suggests.

Boys secure in their racial identity seek more diverse friendships Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Kids often seek answers from parents, friends and media to better understand their racial identity, suggests new research. The study's researchers sought to explain how ethnic-racial identity exploration and resolution might affect friendship networks among youth in a diverse setting, as well as their peers over time.

Does the universe have a rest frame? Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Physics is sometimes closer to philosophy when it comes to understanding the universe. Physicists are now attempting to elucidate whether the universe has a resting frame.

States can lower risk of measles outbreak by strengthening exemption policies Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT States with weaker non-medical exemption policies for vaccinations can reduce the likelihood of a measles outbreak 140 to 190 percent by strengthening them, a new study shows.

Comet 67P is constantly undergoing a facelift Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Changes that the Rosetta spacecraft discovered on the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, including the collapse of entire cliffs, were likely driven by seasonal events, according to a new study.

Satnavs 'switch off' parts of the brain Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Using a satnav (GPS navigation system) to get to your destination 'switches off' parts of the brain that would otherwise be used to simulate different routes, reveals new research. The study involved 24 volunteers navigating a simulation of Soho in central London while undergoing brain scans.

Caution needed for drugs in development for most common malignant pediatric brain tumor Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Researchers have studied how a crucial cancer-related protein plays a role in one of the most aggressive forms of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood.

Dead zones may threaten coral reefs worldwide Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Dead zones affect dozens of coral reefs around the world and threaten hundreds more according to a new study. Watching a massive coral reef die-off on the Caribbean coast of Panama, they suspected it was caused by a dead zone -- a low-oxygen area that snuffs out marine life -- rather than by ocean warming or acidification.

Coffee shops, 24-hour ATMs the best locations for life-saving AEDs, research shows Posted: 21 Mar 2017 09:25 AM PDT Tim Horton's tops the list: researchers studied data on cardiac arrest locations in Toronto to draft a list of 'top 10' businesses where placing automated external defibrillators would save lives.

Testing the efficacy of new gene therapies more efficiently Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT Using a new cellular model, innovative gene therapy approaches for the hereditary immunodeficiency Chronic Granulomatous Disease can be tested faster and cost-effectively in the lab for their efficacy. A team of researchers has successfully achieved this using the 'gene-scissor' CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The aim is to treat severely affected patients in the near future using novel approaches.

Older mothers are better mothers, study suggests Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT Older mothers are less likely to punish and scold their children while raising them, and that the children have fewer behavioral, social and emotional difficulties, according to a recent study.

Organic electronics can use power from socket Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT Organic light-emitting devices and printed electronics can be connected to a socket in the wall by way of a small, inexpensive organic converter.

When helium behaves like a black hole Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT A team of scientists has discovered that a law controlling the bizarre behavior of black holes out in space -- is also true for cold helium atoms that can be studied in laboratories. This finding may be a step toward a long-sought quantum theory of gravity and new advances in quantum computing.

Peers, more than teachers, inspire us to learn Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT 'Why do I have to learn this?' It's a common question among youth, but new research suggests students perform much better academically when the answer is provided by their peers rather than their teachers.

Electrons used to control ultrashort laser pulses Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT We may soon get better insight into the microcosm and the world of electrons. Researchers have developed a tool that makes it possible to control extreme UV light -- light with much shorter wavelengths than visible light. The new method uses strong laser pulses to direct the short bursts of light.

New approach uses ultrasound to measure fluid in the lungs Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT A team of engineering and medical researchers has found a way to use ultrasound to monitor fluid levels in the lung, offering a noninvasive way to track progress in treating pulmonary edema -- fluid in the lungs -- which often occurs in patients with congestive heart failure. The approach, which has been demonstrated in rats, also holds promise for diagnosing scarring, or fibrosis, in the lung.

Better learning through zinc? Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT Zinc is a vital micronutrient involved in many cellular processes: For example, in learning and memory processes, it plays a role that is not yet understood. By using nanoelectrochemical measurements, researchers have made progress toward understanding by demonstrating that zinc influences the release of messenger molecules. Zinc changes the number of messenger molecules stored in vesicles and the dynamics of their release from the cell.

Astronomers hazard a ride in a 'drifting carousel' to understand pulsating stars Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT What sounds like a stomach-turning ride at an amusement park might hold the key to unraveling the mysterious mechanism that causes beams of radio waves to shoot out from pulsars -- super-magnetic rotating stars in our galaxy.

How the brain sees the world in 3-D Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT We live in a three-dimensional world, but everything we see is first recorded on our retinas in only two dimensions. So how does the brain represent 3-D information? In a new study, researchers for the first time have shown how different parts of the brain represent an object's location in depth compared to its 2-D location.

Breaking the supermassive black hole speed limit Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT A new computer simulation helps explain the existence of puzzling supermassive black holes observed in the early universe. The simulation is based on a computer code used to understand the coupling of radiation and certain materials.

New gel-like coating beefs up the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:03 AM PDT Scientists have developed an ultra-thin coating material that has the potential to extend the life and improve the efficiency of lithium-sulfur batteries, one of the most promising areas of energy research today.

Numerosity in humans, birds and fish based in brain's subcortex Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:02 AM PDT A cognitive neuroscience, through study, has addressed basic research questions about how our brains process number and magnitude and how such processes give rise to more complex mathematical thinking, answering the question: where in the brain is numerical quantity evaluation processed?

AML study correlates gene mutations with 34 disease subgroups Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:02 AM PDT A large, new study of adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) correlates 80 cancer-related gene mutations with five subtypes of AML, which are defined by the presence of specific chromosomal abnormalities. The findings might help guide mutation testing and treatment decisions in the future.

How can a legally binding agreement on human cloning be established? Posted: 21 Mar 2017 08:02 AM PDT Since Dolly the Sheep was cloned, the question of whether human reproductive cloning should be banned or pursued has been the subject of international debate. Researchers argue that a robust global governance framework on human cloning should draw on recent successes in climate change and business ethics for inspiration.

Electrocrystallization: Breakthrough in gold nanoparticle research Posted: 21 Mar 2017 07:03 AM PDT A research team as published a research study that demonstrates how it is possible to obtain very high quality crystals formed of gold nanoparticles.

Sex-based differences in utilization, outcomes for CDT in DVT patients Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT One treatment for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a procedure called catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). CDT has become more commonly used in the US since research showed it reduced the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome. A team sought to identify and describe sex-based differences in utilization and safety outcomes of CDT for treatment of DVT in the U.S. The team found sex-based differences in both utilization and safety outcomes.

Clinical interviews effective in predicting postpartum depression Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT For non-depressed, pregnant women with histories of major depressive disorder, preventive treatment with antidepressants may not necessarily protect against postpartum depression, according to new research. In addition, asking questions about daily activities -- especially work -- appears to be an effective screening tool for helping doctors identify women at risk of depression after they have their babies.

Mars volcano, Earth's dinosaurs went extinct about the same time Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT Arsia Mons produced one new lava flow at its summit every 1 to 3 million years during the final peak of activity, about 50 million years ago. The last volcanic activity there ceased about 50 million years ago -- around the time of Earth's Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, when large numbers of our planet's plant and animal species (including dinosaurs) went extinct.

Parsley and other plants lend form to human stem cell scaffolds Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT Scientists are using the decellularized husks of plants such as parsley, vanilla and orchids to form three-dimensional scaffolds that can then be primed and seeded with human stem cells to optimize their growth in the lab dish and, ultimately, create novel biomedical implants.

Does Mars have rings? Not right now, but maybe one day Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT Researchers have developed a model that suggests that debris that was pushed into space from an asteroid or other body slamming into Mars around 4.3 billion years ago and alternates between becoming a planetary ring and clumping up to form a moon.

During learning, neurons deep in brain engage in a surprising level of activity Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT Researchers have learned something surprising about the cerebellum, perhaps best known as the part of the brain that makes sure you cannot tickle yourself. The team found that cerebellar neurons, once thought to fire only occasionally, are actually quite active when the brain is learning a new task.

Insight into day-to-day lives of parents raising children with autism Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT A new study looks at the daily experiences of the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder to provide a more detailed picture of the strengths and vulnerabilities of couples raising a child with ASD.

Research spotlights early signs of disease using infrared light: New research Posted: 21 Mar 2017 06:27 AM PDT Researchers have used infrared spectroscopy to spotlight changes in tiny cell fragments called microvesicles to probe their role in a model of the body's immunological response to bacterial infection.