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New structural studies reveal workings of a molecular pump that ejects cancer drugs Posted: 24 Feb 2017 01:06 PM PST Sometimes cells spit out things we don't want them to -- like medications. Researchers have determined the three-dimensional structure of a tiny pump that expels, among other things, chemotherapy agents. This new knowledge could lead to the design of more effective drugs.

New software allows for 'decoding digital brain data' Posted: 24 Feb 2017 10:39 AM PST New software allows for 'decoding digital brain data' to reveal how neural activity gives rise to learning, memory and other cognitive functions. The software can be used in real time during an fMRI brain scan.

New nano approach could cut dose of leading HIV treatment in half Posted: 24 Feb 2017 09:17 AM PST Successful results have utilized nanotechnology to improve drug therapies for HIV patients.

Ancient humans arrived in South America in multiple waves Posted: 24 Feb 2017 09:17 AM PST Paleoamericans share a last common ancestor with modern native South Americans outside, rather than inside, the Americas and new findings underscore the importance of looking at both genetic and morphological evidence, each revealing different aspects of the human story, to help unravel our species' history.

More virus infection, please Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:18 AM PST Scientists have generated a new plasmid-based reverse genetics system for rotaviruses.

Teach yourself everyday happiness with imagery training Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:18 AM PST Researchers have found that self-guided positive imagery training can successfully combat negative emotions in our daily lives. This tool is so powerful that it also changes the way our brain functions.

Hammerhead shark migration gives new hope for conservation Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:18 AM PST Great Hammerhead sharks have been tagged and tracked across the USA and Bahamas in a bid to shed light on their migration habits. Researchers suggest that these sharks are more at risk than previously thought because of their predictable and seasonal migratory patterns. As an endangered species, the Great Hammerhead shark is in desperate need of effective conservation management. This new information will allow marine planners to improve the protection of this iconic animal.

New risk factors for anxiety disorders Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:18 AM PST Several newly discovered variants of a gene increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders. A research team aims to derive new therapies from this finding which are better tailored to the individual patients.

Study examines ways to use demand information to adjust capacity Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:17 AM PST A new study derived optimal policies and data-driven, problem-solving techniques for firms to learn about demand so that they can decide when and by how much they should adjust their capacity level.

Interactive health apps may inspire healthy behaviors, but watch the tone Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:17 AM PST Just like real doctors and nurses, online health tools with good -- but controlled -- communication skills can promote healthier lifestyles, according to researchers. However, if their tone is conversational, these tools may lull users into a false sense of comfort, they add. In a study, people who experienced a back-and-forth interaction with an online health risk assessment website were more likely to follow the health behaviors suggested by the tool.

How proteins reshape cell membranes Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:17 AM PST Small 'bubbles' frequently form on membranes of cells and are taken up into their interior. The process involves EHD proteins. Scientists have now shed light on how these proteins assemble on the surface of a cell and reshape its membrane.

In enemy garb: New explanation for wasp mimicry Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:17 AM PST Biologists expand on more than 150 years of textbook wisdom with a new explanation for wasp mimicry.

Regular aerobic exercise beginning in middle age may lessen severity of stroke in old age Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:17 AM PST Regular aerobic exercise may protect the collateral circulation and lessen the severity of strokes later in life.

Study catalogs the complex flavors of American-made goat cheese Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:17 AM PST Researchers generated a flavor lexicon that lists the 39 flavor attributes in cheeses made with goat milk. Flavor lexicons are important tools for cheesemakers because they help with development, product benchmarking and quality control.

Researchers detail genetic mechanisms that govern growth and drought response in plants Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:11 AM PST Research outlines how the genetic pathways that govern growth and stress response in plants sometimes clash. The research could lead to better performing crop varieties.

What Effect Does Prenatal and Postpartum Maternal Depression Have on Children? Posted: 24 Feb 2017 08:10 AM PST The results of a large study do not support the notion that prenatal and postpartum maternal depression is particularly detrimental to children's psychological development. Instead, the most robust effects were found for maternal depression occurring during children's preschool years.

The toy boat that sailed the seas of time Posted: 24 Feb 2017 06:35 AM PST A thousand years ago, for reasons we will never know, the residents of a tiny farmstead on the coast of central Norway filled an old well with dirt. Maybe the water dried up, or maybe it became foul. But when archaeologists found the old well and dug it up in the summer of 2016, they discovered an unexpected surprise: a carefully carved toy, a wooden boat with a raised prow like a proud Viking ship, and a hole in the middle where a mast could have been stepped.

Fasting-mimicking diet may reverse diabetes Posted: 23 Feb 2017 09:42 AM PST In a study on mice and another study on human pancreatic cells, researchers discover that a scientifically designed fasting diet can trigger the generation of new pancreatic cells to replace dysfunctional ones and stabilize blood glucose.

Official naming of surface features on Pluto and its satellites: First step approved Posted: 23 Feb 2017 08:47 AM PST The New Horizons flyby of Pluto and its satellites returned a scientific treasure trove of information about these distant and surprisingly complex worlds, showing a vast nitrogen glacier as well as ice mountains, canyons, cliffs, craters and more. Now the categories for official names have been approved and the name proposals can be submitted by the New Horizons team.

Three layers of graphene reveals a new kind of magnet Posted: 23 Feb 2017 08:47 AM PST Scientists have discovered the magnetism of electrons in three layers of graphene. This study reveals a new kind of magnet and provides insight on how electronic devices using graphene could be made for fundamental studies as well as various applications.

Diamond’s 2-billion-year growth charts tectonic shift in early Earth’s carbon cycle Posted: 23 Feb 2017 07:21 AM PST A study of tiny mineral 'inclusions' within diamonds from Botswana has shown that diamond crystals can take billions of years to grow. One diamond was found to contain silicate material that formed 2.3 billion years ago in its interior and a 250 million-year-old garnet crystal towards its outer rim, the largest age range ever detected in a single specimen. Analysis of the inclusions also suggests that the way that carbon is exchanged and deposited between the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans and geosphere may have changed significantly over the past 2.5 billion years.