Science News-Diabetes Linked to Bacteria Invading the Colon, Study Finds

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Medical News Queen’s Researchers Make Breakthrough Discovery in Fight Against Bowel Cancer New research led by Queen’s University Belfast has discovered how a genomic approach to understanding bowel (colorectal) cancer could improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients. – Queen's University Belfast Nature Communications,10.1038/NCOMMS15657. Embargo expired on 31-May-2017 at 05:00 ET Study Makes Breakthrough in Understanding of Proteins and Their Impact on Immune System Researchers at the University of Birmingham have made a breakthrough in the understanding of how our genetic make-up can impact on the activity of the immune system and our ability to fight cancer. – University of Birmingham Science Signaling, May-2017 Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 15:00 ET Do Obese Children Need to Attend Treatment to Lose Weight? One-third of American children are overweight or obese. Family-based treatment (FBT) has been considered the best model for the treatment of obese children as it provides both parents and children with education and behavior therapy techniques but is... – University of California San Diego Health JAMA Pediatrics Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 11:00 ET Drug Believed to Reduce Postoperative Pain and Delirium Does Neither Anesthesiologists routinely give surgery patients low doses of the drug ketamine to blunt postoperative pain and reduce the need for opioid drugs. Recent research even has suggested ketamine might protect older patients from postsurgical delirium and... – Washington University in St. Louis The Lancet, May 39,2017 Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 18:30 ET Study: Ketamine Doesn’t Affect Delirium or Pain After Surgery A new study, with an accompanying article, published today in The Lancet sought to discover what effect ketamine has on delirium and pain — two serious postoperative complications. – Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan The Lancet, May-2017 Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 18:30 ET Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease Before Symptoms Emerge Cognitive tests can detect early Alzheimer’s disease in older adults without symptoms according to a new Keck School of Medicine of USC study. – Keck Medicine of USC Neuropsychology Review Reservoirs of Latent HIV Can Grow Despite Effective Therapy, Study Shows Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine report new evidence that immune cells infected with a latent form of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are able to proliferate, replenishing the reservoir of virus that is resistant to antiretroviral drug therap... – Johns Hopkins Medicine Journal of Experimental Medicine; AI096113, 1UI9AI096109, 108165-50-RGRL, P30AI094189, 43222, HHSN261200800001E Emergency Room Patients Routinely Overcharged, Study Finds An analysis of billing records for more than 12,000 emergency medicine doctors across the United States shows that charges varied widely, but that on average, adult patients are charged 340 percent more than what Medicare pays for services ranging fr... – Johns Hopkins Medicine JAMA Internal Medicine Understanding Activation of T Cells Could Lead to New Vaccines Scientists could be one step closer to developing long-awaited vaccines against viruses such as Zika, West Nile or HIV, thanks to research at Penn State College of Medicine. – Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Abramson Cancer Center Studies Show Hope for Multiple Cancers with Pembrolizumab Combination Therapies The combination of pembrolizumab and the checkpoint inhibitor known as epacadostat is leading to promising responses and is generally well tolerated in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell cancer of t... – Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting, June 2-6 Diabetes Linked to Bacteria Invading the Colon, Study Finds In humans, developing metabolic disease, particularly type 2 diabetes, is correlated with having bacteria that penetrate the mucus lining of the colon, according to a study led by Drs. Benoit Chassaing and Andrew Gewirtz at Georgia State University. ... – Georgia State University Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Study Documents Opioid Abuse Following Urologic Surgery About 1 in 1,111 patients who undergo urologic surgery experience opioid dependence or overdose, a Loyola Medicine study has found. Patients at highest risk were younger, underwent inpatient surgery, had longer hospital stays, were on Medicaid or M... – Loyola University Health System Journal of Urology Preventing Software From Causing Injury People with desk jobs can develop debilitating hand and wrist problems that make it difficult to work, and poorly designed software could be to blame. However, researchers at the Texas A&M School of Public Health are creating tools to that could help... – Texas A&M University James Stein, MD, MSc, FACS, FAAP, Named Children’s Hospital Los Angeles’ Inaugural Chief Medical Officer Following a nationwide search, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) has named James Stein, MD, MSc, FACS, FAAP as the hospital’s inaugural senior vice president and chief medical officer, beginning July 1, 2017. – Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Patients’ Fear of Socioeconomic Profiling, Doctors’ Conflicts of Interest Are Barriers to Cost Transparency in Cancer Care Being transparent about the cost of cancer treatments with patients has been increasingly recommended to help minimize financial harm and improve care, but what’s preventing or derailing those conversations is less understood. New findings from Pen... – Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania 2017 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting Quality Improvement Measures Reduce Hospital Readmissions but Do Not Produce Consistent Savings, Study Shows Efforts to reduce hospital readmissions are working, but they’re not always saving money, according to a new Cedars-Sinai study. The study, published today in the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine, evaluated the effectiv... – Cedars-Sinai JAMA Internal Medicine, May 30 2017 Many Cancer Patients’ Emergency Department Visits Appear Preventable, Fred Hutch Study Finds As many as 53 percent of cancer patients’ Emergency Department visits that do not require admission could be avoided with better symptom management and greater availability of outpatient care tailored to their needs, according to a new study from F... – Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting, June 2017 Triple Immunotherapy for Rare Skin Cancer Shows Promise in Small, Early-Stage Trial Combo of T-cell therapy, newly FDA-approved drug and another immunotherapeutic agent kept cancer at bay for three out of four patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. The findings will be presented June 5 at the annual meeting of the American ... – Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center American Society of Clinical Oncology Infection with Seasonal Flu May Increase Risk of Developing Parkinson’s Disease Most cases of Parkinson’s have no known cause, and researchers continue to debate and study possible factors that may contribute to the disease. Research reported in the journal npj Parkinson’s Disease suggests that a certain strain of influenza... – Thomas Jefferson University npj Parkinson's Disease, 2017; NIH NS075840; CEIRS NIH contract HHSN27220140006C; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities Small Molecule Prevents Blood Clots Without Increasing Bleeding Risk It may be possible to disrupt harmful blood clots in people at risk for heart attack or stroke without increasing their risk of bleeding, according to a new study published in Nature Communications. – Case Western Reserve University Nature Communications, May-2017; P01HL073311 ; R01 HL096062; R37 HL57506 ; R01 HL126645 Escaping Jet Lag on Your Vacation Getaway Your long-awaited vacation is right around the corner. As the calendar days peel away and you compile your to-do checklist, the issue of jet lag looms if your getaway involves crossing multiple time zones. “Anyone who has ever suffered jet lag k... – University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences 60 is the New 40: Did You Ask Your Spine About That? Is it just bad luck or do our spinal columns age badly? Why are our spines so vulnerable? Deborah L. Benzil, MD, FACS, FAANS discusses osteoporosis and bone health. – American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) New Report Outlines Practical Options for Texas Communities Facing Rural Hospital Closure Texas communities facing a rural hospital closure should not solely concentrate on whether or not to close a hospital, but instead focus on the available health resources in the surrounding area. – Texas A&M University Price Controls on Drugs: Striking the Balance Between Affordability and Innovation With a number of high-profile cases of prescription medication prices suddenly skyrocketing, people naturally start to wonder if perhaps some government control over the price of drugs might be a good idea. – Texas A&M University One (Now) Nurse's Improbable Path North Carolina's Sally Rives set her course for a career in sports-related physical therapy. She knows her own mind, but it was nursing that won over her heart. – Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Making Glaucoma Treatment Even Easier With Sustained Release Medication Traditional eye drops, while the go-to medication option for glaucoma patients, still have lots of room for improvement. Dosing regimens can be difficult to manage or remember, irritation or redness can occur, and much of the medication gets blinked ... – Glaucoma Research Foundation NIH Grant to Help Train Next Generation of Translational Scientists Scientists at The Ohio State University have been awarded nearly $900,000 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to help ensure that young, eager scientists are prepared to carry on life-saving work in a multi-disciplinary setting. – Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center New Prostate Cancer Technology Improves Biopsy Accuracy New prostate cancer technology is improving the accuracy of biopsies. The technique fuses information from a prostate MRI to ultrasound images taken during the biopsy. The technique results in higher cancer detection, fewer biopsies and more accurate... – Loyola University Health System includes video It’s Safe to Go In the Water, Just Don’t Swallow It There is nothing better on a hot summer day than a refreshing dip in a pool, stream, lake or ocean. However, bacteria and parasites can lurk in all kinds of water and put a real damper on summertime fun unless people practice a few, simple measures.... Expert Available – Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center AACC Lays Out Path to Better Healthcare through Collaboration In response to ongoing Medicare reimbursement changes that aim to enhance patient care while reducing healthcare costs, AACC released a position statement today emphasizing that clinical laboratory tests must be used effectively for this new payment ... – American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) Ludwig Researchers Present New Findings on Combination Immunotherapy and Other Research at the 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting Ludwig Cancer Research released today the full scope of Ludwig’s participation at this year’s American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting in Chicago, June 2-6. – Ludwig Cancer Research With $58M Grant, U-M Researchers Will Push Research and Health Care Forward with Community’s Help The next big idea to help people with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, depression or other conditions could be bubbling up right now in a University of Michigan research lab. Or it might be a new idea in the mind of a U-M d... – Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan Penn Medicine’s Carl June, MD, to Receive ASCO’s Highest Scientific Honor The American Society of Clinical Oncology has named University of Pennsylvania cancer and HIV gene therapy pioneer Carl June, MD, as the 2017 winner of the David A. Karnofsky Memorial Award. The honor goes to an oncologist who has made outstanding co... – Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania 2017 ASCO Annual Meeting GW Researcher Receives $1.2M Grant to Standardize Cancer Genomics Data Raja Mazumder, Ph.D., at GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences received a NIH grant to develop databases to normalize cancer genomics data. – George Washington University The Scripps Research Institute Appoints Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. CEO Joel Marcus to Board of Directors The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), one of the world's largest, private, non-profit research organizations, today announced the appointment of Joel S. Marcus to its Board of Directors. – Scripps Research Institute LifeBridge Health Announces New Senior Leadership Structure LifeBridge Health CEO Neil Meltzer today announced a new organizational structure to navigate the system’s rapid growth and to provide strong leadership for its future. The new leadership structure will go into effect on July 1, 2017. LifeBridge He... – LifeBridge Health Mount Sinai’s Graduate Program in Public Health Hosts Public Health Research Day Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai’s graduating Master of Public Health (MPH) students will present their thesis work at Public Health Research Day, which will include a poster session, oral presentations, and a keynote address from Kenneth Ro... – Mount Sinai Health System Science News Neutron Lifetime Measurements Take New Shape for in situ Detection Neutrons are inherently unstable and don’t last long outside an atomic nucleus, and because they decay on a time scale similar to the period for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, accurate simulations of the BBN era require thorough knowledge of the neutron... – American Institute of Physics (AIP) Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 11:00 ET ‘Halos’ Discovered on Mars Widen Time Frame for Potential Life Lighter-toned bedrock that surrounds fractures and comprises high concentrations of silica—called “halos”—has been found in Gale crater on Mars, indicating that the planet had liquid water much longer than previously believed. – Los Alamos National Laboratory Geophysical Research Letters Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 12:00 ET includes video Magnetoelectric Memory Cell Increases Energy Efficiency for Data Storage A team of researchers has now developed a magnetoelectric random access memory (MELRAM) cell that has the potential to increase power efficiency, and thereby decrease heat waste, by orders of magnitude for read operations at room temperature. The res... – American Institute of Physics (AIP) Embargo expired on 30-May-2017 at 11:00 ET Giant Ringed Planet Likely Cause of Mysterious Eclipses A giant gas planet – up to fifty times the mass of Jupiter, encircled by a ring of dust – is likely hurtling around a star more than a thousand light years away from Earth, according to new research by an international team of astronomers, led by... – University of Warwick Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Zero Gravity on the Heart, Birth of a Black Hole, New Object Near Supermassive Black Hole, and More in the Space News Source The latest in space and astronomy in the Space News Source – Newswise New Vaccine Strategy Identified for Explosive Emerging Diseases A ‘designer’ manganese-peptide antioxidant of the world’s toughest bacterium, combined with radiation, have shown to be successful in the development of a vaccine to counter Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV), a biothreat agent, and Ch... – Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) Vaccine, May 30, 2017 The Synchronized Dance of Skyrmion Spins A research group in Singapore has used computer simulations to further probe the behaviors of skyrmions, gaining insight that can help scientists and engineers better study the quasi-particles in experiments. The new results, published this week in A... – American Institute of Physics (AIP) Colorful Reptile Serves as a Health Barometer for the Impacts of Coal Waste Scientists have confirmed that exposure to coal combustion residuess lead to higher levels of trace elements in yellow-bellied sliders, a freshwater turtle native to the Southeastern U.S. – University of Georgia Genetic Analysis of New World Birds Confirms Untested Evolutionary Assumption Biologists have always been fascinated by the diversity and changeability of life on Earth and have attempted to answer a fundamental question: How do new species originate? – University of Michigan PNAS The Next Enchanted Ring? Using genomics, a chemistry lab has worked out the biosynthetic machinery that makes a new class of antibiotic compounds called the beta-lactones. Like the beta-lactams, they have an unstable four-member ring. The key to their kill mechanism it is al... – Washington University in St. Louis Drone vs. Truck Deliveries: Which Create Less Carbon Pollution? A new study finds that drone deliveries emit less climate-warming carbon dioxide pollution than truck deliveries in some — but not all — scenarios. – University of Washington Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment X-Rays: More Colorful and More Powerful New Fresh-slice scheme provides customizable X-rays for studies needed to build more efficient electronics and cleaner energy. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Nature Photonics 10, 745-750 (2016). [DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2016.201] Nearly Ideal Performing Regions in Perovskite Films Could Boost Solar Cells Nanoscale images by Molecular Foundry researchers yield surprise that could push solar cell efficiency to 31 percent. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Nature Energy 1, 16093 (2016). [DOI:10.1038/nenergy.2016.93] Exploring the Relationship between the Two-Body and the Collective New approach accurately determines how electrolytes in water behave, offering insights for energy, synthesis, and medicine – Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 23:58-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.05.009 Tricking Molecules Into Creating New Nano-Shapes Scientists coax simple molecules into forming complex three-dimensional structures for faster, more energy-efficient electronics. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Nature Communications 7, 12366 (2016). [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12366]; Nature Communications 7, 13988 (2016). [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13988] Making Way for Animals For BGSU graduate student Lauren Jonaitis, roadkill is more than simply dead animals; it represents a tremendous loss of life and also the degree to which humans are impinging on natural habitats and pathways. Rather than simply bemoan the carnage, J... – Bowling Green State University Changing the Nature of Optics in One Step Researchers invent a new single-step approach to constructing electromagnetic metamaterials uses tiny self-assembled pillars in composite films. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Nano Letters 16 (6), 3936-3943 (2016). [DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01575] Well-Aligned and Densely Packed Researchers invent a low-tech, solution-based route to high-performance carbon nanotube thin films. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Nature Nanotechnology 11, 633-638 (2016). [DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.44] Reusable Sponge for Mitigating Oil Spills Oleo Sponge could make oil spill cleanup more efficient. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, 2929 (2017). [DOI: 10.1039/C6TA09014A] A Catalystic Shock Scientists surprised by discovery that copper embedded in carbon nano-spikes can turn carbon dioxide into ethanol. – Department of Energy, Office of Science ChemistrySelect 1(19), 6055-6061 (2016). [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601169] Squeezing Molecules Guides Chemistry Neutron-scattering studies reveal surprising formation of ammonia after acetonitrile is turned into graphitic polymer, opening doors for catalyst-free industrial reactions at room temperature. – Department of Energy, Office of Science Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, 12040-12044 (2016). [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606198] Heavy Particles Get Caught Up in the Flow By teasing out signatures of particles that decay just tenths of a millimeter from the center of a trillion-degree fireball that mimics the early universe, nuclear physicists smashing atoms at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are revealing ... – Brookhaven National Laboratory Quick Take: Out of This World UNLV undergraduate and NASA intern Amber Turner shares her remarkable research journey, which may someday lead to human civilizations on other planets. Expert Available – University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) America’s Top Young Researchers Named Finalists for 2017 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists The Blavatnik Family Foundation and the New York Academy of Sciences today announced the Finalists for the 2017 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists. From a pool of 308 nominees – the most promising scientific researchers aged 42 years an... – Blavatnik Family Foundation/New York Academy of Sciences JSA Names Charles Perdrisat and Charles Sinclair as Co-Recipients of its 2017 Outstanding Nuclear Physicist Prize Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, announced today that Charles Perdrisat and Charles Sinclair are the recipients of the 2017 Outstanding Nuclear Physicist Prize. The 2017 JSA Outstanding Nuclear Physicist Award is jointly awarded to Charles Perdrisa... – Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Wistar’s New Biomedical Research Technician Training Program Obtains First State Approval as Non-Traditional Apprenticeship to Support Region’s Life Sciences Workforce Wistar's Biomedical Research Technician (BRT) Apprenticeship has become the first-ever registered, nontraditional apprenticeship program in biomedical research approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry. – Wistar Institute Penn State Aerospace Engineer is About to Get Tough on Ceramics Namiko Yamamoto, assistant professor of aerospace engineering at Penn State, was recently awarded $447,663 through the Office of Naval Research Sea-Based Aviation Airframe Structures and Materials program to study fundamental toughening mechanisms of... – Penn State College of Engineering Lifestyle & Social Sciences Evidence of Midlife Suicide Among Females in Western Society New research from the University of Warwick documents modern international evidence of a midlife peak in suicide risk. – University of Warwick Women Underrepresented in Philosophy Journals, Data Reveals Women are underrepresented in philosophy journals, even when compared to their already low rate of representation among faculty, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York. – Binghamton University, State University of New York Philosoph