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Dutch say UK exit bill is a priority in talks

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BRUSSELS (AP) — The Latest on the Brexit talks between the European Union and the U.K. (all times local): 4:10 p.m. Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar says he thinks that Brexit talks can be broadened out to include future relations in December but only if Britain comes up with more detailed negotiating proposals.

(1 of 7) German Chancellor Angela Merkel arrives for an EU summit in Brussels on Thursday, Oct. 19, 2017. British Prime Minister Theresa May headed to a European Union summit Thursday with a pledge to treat EU residents well once Britain leaves the bloc.

Rutte said it was the key to progressing, as Britain desperately wants, to the next phase of Brexit talks about the future trade and security relationship. When he had a phone call with his counterpart Theresa May last week Rutte said he'd told her: "'Listen, we need more clarity specifically about the bill.'"
Only if there is clarity on the bill is there "a chance for the statements today and tomorrow to be leaning more towards the British," Rutte said as he walked into the summit. Rutte said he would prefer to be offered a definite sum, with estimates varying from 20 billion euros to three times as much. "I'd prefer a sum, so we can negotiate about it. But if this is asking too much, then at least have a proposal how to get to a sum. But even that, she hasn't been able to produce. "
3:35 p.m.
The former head of Britain's MI6 intelligence agency says Brexit could leave the country "poorer and weaker" and with less global influence.
John Sawers says leaving the European Union is likely to hurt the economy, and "our influence will diminish" as a result.
He told a House of Lords Committee on Thursday that it could take years for Britain to recover its former position "and demonstrate a new dynamism."
He said Britain would have to spend more on diplomacy, defense and intelligence "if we want to have an influence in the world of the sort we have had over the last 30 or 40 years."
He also suggested there is a chance Brexit won't happen, saying leaving the EU would affect Britain's foreign policy "assuming it goes ahead."
Sawers headed MI6, Britain's overseas intelligence service, between 2009 and 2014.
2:55 p.m.
French President Emmanuel Macron is insisting on the importance of a united front in negotiations with British Prime Minister Theresa May over Britain's departure from the EU.
Macron arrived at an EU summit in Brussels on Thursday saying the summit will be marked by "very strong unity in the discussion on Brexit."
He said that the remaining 27 EU members stand behind "one single negotiator" — EU Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier.
Britain's prime minister came to the summit calling for urgent progress on what to do with EU citizens living in Britain and British citizens living in the rest of the EU after Britain leaves in 2019.
Macron also said he's "very happy" to counter isolationist tendencies in France and remind the world of the "French attachment to the European flag."
2:50 p.m.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel says that the Brexit negotiations have made insufficient progress so far to go to the next phase and tackle future relations between the EU and Britain, but was heartened by recent progress.
Despite a better outlook over the past weeks, the negotiations "are not enough to start the second phase of negotiations"
She added, however, that she was upbeat about the possibility "to get to the second phase in December."
Initially, Britain had hoped to move to the second phase after the two-day summit starting Thursday, but negotiations have often stalled over the past months.
2:10 p.m.
British Prime Minister Theresa May is coming into a European Union summit with a message of "urgency" to make progress on the stalled exit negotiations with the bloc.
May entered the summit headquarters Thursday saying that Britain will be "looking at setting out ambitious plans for the weeks ahead."
May particularly mentioned she wanted to see "an urgency in reaching an agreement on citizens' rights" for EU people living in Britain and Britons residing on the continent.
Citizens' rights is one of three issues that the EU wants to see "sufficient progress" in before the talks can move to include future trade relations, which Britain wants to start as soon as possible. The other initial issues are the border situation between the U.K. and the EU on the island of Ireland and the exit payment Britain will have to make.
12:10 p.m.
Britain's opposition Labour Party leader, Jeremy Corbyn, is meeting senior European Union figures in Brussels to urge progress in Brexit talks — and scold Prime Minister Theresa May's government for the lack of movement.
Corbyn, whose influence has been bolstered by a strong showing in June's British election, is meeting Thursday with EU chief negotiator Michel Barnier, European Parliament President Antonio Tajani and several national leaders.
The Labour Party wants May's Conservative government to rule out walking away from divorce talks without a deal. Corbyn says "a no-deal Brexit would be a bad deal for Britain, threatening jobs and living standards. It would also harm our European neighbors."
The Labour Party has been criticized for keeping its own position on Brexit vague. Corbyn says it's vital that Britain retain tariff-free access to the EU single market, but it's unclear how that can be achieved.
11:35 a.m.
Some European Union citizens in Britain are unimpressed with Prime Minister Theresa May's promise they are welcome to stay after Brexit.
May has released an open letter to the 3 million EU nationals in the U.K., saying Britain and the bloc are within "touching distance" of a deal on citizens' rights. She says registering for permanent residence will be simple and inexpensive, and a group of EU nationals will help oversee the process.
She denies treating EU citizens — and 1 million Britons in other EU countries — as bargaining chips.
The 3 Million, a lobby group for EU nationals in Britain, says the government has ignored its views, particularly concerns about whether people will be able to bring their families to live with them in the U.K.
The group's co-founder, Nicolas Hatton, says "the government can do better than this letter."
11:20 a.m.
Hard-core euroskeptics in Britain's Parliament are urging Prime Minister Theresa May to walk away from European Union divorce talks unless the bloc starts discussing trade.
A group of lawmakers and peers including former Treasury chief Nigel Lawson and ex-Environment Secretary Owen Paterson accuses the EU of "deliberately deferring discussions" about the post-Brexit relationship.
In a letter released Thursday, the lobby group Leave Means Leave says that if there is no breakthrough this week May should declare unilaterally that Britain will leave the bloc without a deal in March 2019 and revert to World Trade Organization rules to trade with the EU.
May is meeting the other 27 EU leaders in Brussels on Thursday. Britain wants to start talking about future relations, but the EU 27 are likely to say there has not been sufficient progress on divorce terms.
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Ardern to be next New Zealand PM

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WELLINGTON (Reuters) - New Zealand will get its youngest prime minister in more than 150 years after the small, nationalist New Zealand First Party agreed to form a new government with Labour Party leader Jacinda Ardern, ending the National Party’s decade in power.
New Zealand Labour leader Jacinda Ardern speaks to the press after leader of New Zealand First party Winston Peters announced his support for her party in Wellington, New Zealand, October 19, 2017. REUTERS/Charlotte Greenfield
The outcome caps a remarkable rise for Ardern, 37, who only took over the party’s top job in August, and marks another victory for a youthful global leader promising change, with big implications for the world’s 11th most traded currency, the central bank, immigration and foreign investment.
Labour had an even chance as National to form a government after inconclusive elections on Sept. 23 gave neither party enough seats to form a majority in parliament.
“Their tighter immigration proposals and more restrictive housing policy all suggest economic growth could be a little bit weaker than the Nationals’ policy,” Paul Dales, chief Australia and New Zealand economist at Capital Economics, said of Labour.
“The chances of a sharper slowdown are higher under Labour.”
The announcement of the new government drove the New Zealand dollar down around 1.7 percent to its lowest levels in four and half months, as markets worried about more protectionist policies to come.
“Labour has always believed that government should be a partner in ensuring an economy that works and delivers for all New Zealanders,” Ardern told reporters.
Labour said it would stick to its campaign promise to change the central bank’s mandate, seek to renegotiate the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal and prioritise an effort to ban foreign ownership of certain types of housing.
It has said it wants to add employment to the central bank’s mandate, which would mark a big change for the Reserve Bank of New Zealand which was the pioneer of the inflation-targeting regime adopted across the world.
Record net migration of more than 70,000 annually has fuelled demand for housing in New Zealand, far outstripping supply and pushing house prices prohibitively higher, pricing ordinary New Zealanders out of the housing market.

FEWER IMMIGRANTS EXPECTED

New Zealand Labour leader Jacinda Ardern smiles as she speaks to the press after leader of New Zealand First party Winston Peters announced his support for her party in Wellington, New Zealand, October 19, 2017. REUTERS/Charlotte Greenfield
“Far too many New Zealanders have come to view today’s capitalism not as their friend, but as their foe,” New Zealand First leader Winston Peters, who has been offered the role of deputy prime minister, told reporters.
“We’ve had to make a choice for a modified status quo, or for change.”
Peters said new policy announcements would be up to Ardern, but gave a foretaste of what may come by saying he expected fewer immigrants to be allowed into New Zealand.
Slideshow (3 Images)
He had agreed with Labour to build tens of thousands of affordable homes, he added. Labour made tackling what it calls a housing crisis a priority during its election campaign.
“This shows that Winston Peters wants to make some radical changes in New Zealand,” said Bryce Edwards, political analyst at Critical Politics in Wellington.
“He has always been an anti-establishment MP and he, in what will be his last time in government, wants to be in sync with that global rebellion against the status quo.”
Labour made a last minute-gamble when it appointed Ardern as a leader not long before the vote, hoping to ride the global sea of change that drove Britain to vote to leave the European Union and Donald Trump to become U.S. president.
Her popularity and message of hope have drawn comparisons with the similarly youthful leaders such as France’s Emmanuel Macron and Canada’s Justin Trudeau.
Markets are concerned about uncertainty. They worry that curbs to migration and trade could hurt two key sources of New Zealand’s robust growth in recent years.
More restrictive trade and foreign ownership could also hurt New Zealand’s reputation as an open economy and antagonize the likes of China, a key trading partner.
Trade between the two countries has grown to more than NZ$20 billion ($14.4 billion) a year and Chinese President Xi Jinping called the relationship “unprecedented” in its depth.
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Discovery of 500km lunar cave raises hopes for human colonisation of moon

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The Guardian

Scientists have for centuries fantasised about human colonisation of the moon. That day may have drawn a little closer after Japan’s space agency said it had discovered an enormous cave beneath the lunar surface that could be turned into an exploration base for astronauts.
The discovery, by Japan’s Selenological and Engineering Explorer (Selene) probe, comes as several countries vie to follow the US in sending manned missions to the moon.
Using a radar sounder system that can examine underground structures, the orbiter initially found an opening 50 metres wide and 50 metres deep, prompting speculation that there could be a larger hollow. 
This week scientists at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Jaxa) confirmed the presence of a cave after examining the hole using radio waves.
The chasm, 500km (310 miles) long and 100 metres wide, appears to be structurally sound and its rocks may contain ice or water deposits that could be turned into fuel, according to data sent back by the orbiter, nicknamed Kaguya after the moon princess in a Japanese fairytale.


Jaxa believes the cave, located beneath an area of volcanic domes known as the Marius Hills on the moon’s near side, is a lava tube created during volcanic activity about 3.5 billion years ago.
“We’ve known about these locations that were thought to be lava tubes … but their existence has not been confirmed until now,” Junichi Haruyama, a researcher at the JapanAerospace Exploration Agency, told AFP on Thursday.
The agency said the chamber could be used as a base for astronauts and their equipment, since it would protect them from extreme temperatures – ranging from an average of 107C during the day to -153C at night – as well as radiation from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.
“We haven’t actually seen the inside of the cave itself so there are high hopes that exploring it will offer more details,” Haruyama said.
The discovery will boost plans by several countries to send astronauts to the moon, almost half a century after the Apollo 11 mission.
Jaxa recently announced that it aimed to put a Japanese astronaut on the moon for the first time by around 2030, most likely as part of an international mission.
In another sign that the US and Soviet Union’s cold war battle for supremacy has been replaced by an Asian space race, China has said it wants to conduct its first manned mission to the moon in around 2036 as part of its ambitious lunar and Mars exploration programmes. Last year it said it had plans to eventually create a colony there.
“Our long-term goal is to explore, land, and settle [on the moon],” Wu Weiren, the chief designer of China’s moon and Mars missions, told the BBC. “We want a manned lunar landing to stay for longer periods and establish a research base.”
Russia, too, has said it hopes to start building a human colony – initially for just four people – on the moon by 2030.
China, Russia, India and the US have made successful unmanned moon landings, but the US is the only country to have put humans on the lunar surface.
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'A huge deal' for China as the era of Xi Jinping Thought begins

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China’s communist leader, Xi Jinping, looks to have further strengthened his rule over the world’s second largest economy with the apparent confirmation that a new body of political theory bearing his name will be written into the party’s constitution.
On day two of a week-long political summit in Beijing marking the end of Xi’s first term, state media announced the creation of what it called Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.
“The Thought is … a historic contribution to the party’s development,” Zhang Dejiang, one of the seven members of China’s top ruling council, the politburo standing committee, told delegates at the 19th party congress, according to Beijing’s official news agency, Xinhua.
Liu Yunshan, another standing committee member, said the elevation of Xi’s Thought into the party’s list of “guiding principles” was of “great political, theoretical and practical significance”. “All members of the party should study hard Xi’s ‘new era’ thought,” he was quoted as saying. 
Experts say the decision to grant Xi his own eponymous school of thought, while arcane-sounding, represents a momentous and highly symbolic occasion in the politics and history of the world’s most populous nation.
Only two previous leaders – Chairman Mao and Deng Xiaoping – have been honoured in such a way, with theories called Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. The names of Xi’s immediate predecessors – Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin – were not attached to the political philosophies they bequeathed to the party.
The official inception of Xi Jinping Thought – which now seems certain to be formally added to the party’s charter next week – also reinforces suspicions that Xi will seek to stay in power beyond the end of his second term, in 2022.
“It is a huge deal,” said Orville Schell, a veteran China expert who has been studying Chinese politics since the late 1950s. “It is sort of like party skywriting. If you get your big think in the constitution it becomes immortal and Xi is seeking a certain kind of immortality.”
However, Schell, the head of the Asia Society’s Center on US-China Relations, said the decision to honour Xi was not only noteworthy “because it makes Xi Jinping look like a thought leader comparable to Chairman Mao. It also suggests that [China’s political system] Socialism with Chinese Characteristics is a viable counter-model to the presumption of western liberal democracy and capitalism. In a sense, what Xi is setting up here is not only a clash of civilisation and values, but one of political and economic systems.”
In an unexpectedly lengthy opening address to China’s 19th party congress on Wednesday, Xi offered a bold and assertive vision of his nation’s future, heralding the dawn of a “new era” of Chinese prosperity and power in which Beijing would move “closer to centre stage”. In one section Xi described China’s authoritarian one-party system as “a new option for other countries and nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence”.
Jeff Wasserstrom, a professor of modern Chinese history at the University of California, Irvine, said the move to honour China’s leader underlined the “radical shift” that had taken place in Chinese politics since a relatively unknown Xi took power in November 2012.
In the five years since, Xi has overseen a severe political chill and built a reputation as one of the country’s most dominant leaders since Mao.
Wasserstrom said western historians tended to refer to two major periods in China’s post-revolution history. “If I’m writing something, I’ll say: the Mao era (1949-1976). And then: the Reform era (1979-onwards). The question now is: does this mean we have reached another inflection point where we need to start thinking of this as the Xi Jinping era?”
Wasserstrom said he sensed that the answer was yes. China’s last two administrations were referred to by the names of both their top two leaders: Hu-Wen, in the case of Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, and Jiang-Zhu in the case of Jiang Zemin and Zhu Rongji. Now it was “just Xi … Xi, Xi, Xi, Xi, Xi.”
Schell said the birth of Xi Jinping Thought was “a sign of enormous consolidation, of impressive amounts power in his hands”. “But it is also a curious recognition of weakness,” he added. “To need such power you have to assume they foresee some pretty daunting obstacles and impediments to China’s future progress.”
Xi’s way of thinking is not universally admired. In an audacious open letter, Yu Wensheng, an outspoken human rights lawyer, demanded his immediate dismissal.
“The Communist party of China claims to support freedom of speech, democracy, equality and the rule of law. But China has no such freedom, no democracy, no equality, no rule of law, only bigwigs and rampant corruption.” Xi’s China was “marching backwards … he is unfit for office,” Yu wrote.
On Thursday morning, security agents tasked with quelling dissent that might upset Xi’s congress appeared to have successfully silenced the attorney. “It’s not convenient to give any interviews,” Yu said in a brief text message.
Additional reporting by Wang Zhen
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Pakistan, Afghanistan in angry tangle over border fence to keep out militants

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ANGOOR ADDA, Pakistan (Reuters) - Pakistan is betting that a pair of nine-foot chain-link fences topped with barbed wire will stop incursions by Islamist militants from Afghanistan, which opposes Islamabad’s plans for a barrier along the disputed frontier.
A view of the border fence outside the Kitton outpost on the border with Afghanistan in North Waziristan, Pakistan October 18, 2017. REUTERS/Caren Firouz
Pakistan plans to fence up most of the 2,500 km (1,500 mile) frontier despite Kabul’s protests that the barrier would divide families and friends along the Pashtun tribal belt straddling the colonial-era Durand Line drawn up by the British in 1893.
Pakistan’s military estimates that it will need about 56 billion rupees ($532 million) for the project, while there are also plans to build 750 border forts and employ high-tech surveillance systems to prevent militants crossing.
In the rolling hills of the Angoor Adda village in South Waziristan, part of Pakistan’s restive Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), three rolls of barbed wire are sandwiched in the six-foot gap between the chain-link fences.
“(The fence) is a paradigm change. It is an epoch shift in the border control management,” said a Pakistani army officer in command of South Waziristan during a presentation to foreign media on Wednesday.
“There will not be an inch of international border (in South Waziristan) which shall not remain under our observation.”
Pakistan’s military has so far fenced off about 43 km of the frontier, starting with the most violence-prone areas in FATA, and is expected to recruit tens of thousands of new troops to man the border. It is not clear how long it will take to fence the entire boundary.
But Pakistan’s plans have also drawn criticism from across the border.
Gulab Mangal, governor of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar, told Reuters the wall will create “more hatred and resentment” between two neighbours and will do neither country any good.
Location and range information is seen on a wall in the Kitton outpost along the border fence on the border with Afghanistan in North Waziristan, Pakistan October 18, 2017. REUTERS/Caren Firouz
“The fence will definitely create a lot of trouble for the people along the border on both sides but no wall or fence can separate these tribes,” he said.
“I urge the tribes to stand against this action.”
Pakistan has blamed Pakistani Taliban militants it says are based on Afghan soil for a spate of attacks at home over the past year, urging Kabul to eradicate “sanctuaries” for militants.
Slideshow (6 Images)
Afghanistan, in turn, accuses Islamabad of sheltering the leadership of the Afghan Taliban militants who are battling the Western-backed government in Kabul.
Both countries deny aiding militants, but relations between the two have soured in recent years. In May, the tension rose when 10 people were killed in two border villages in Baluchistan region.
The clashes occurred in so-called “divided villages”, where the Durand Line goes through the heart of the community, and where residents are now bracing for the fence to split their villages in two.
Pakistan’s previous attempts to build a fence failed about a decade ago and many doubt whether its possible to secure such a lengthy border.
But Pakistani army officials are undeterred by the scepticism and insist they will finish the job as the country’s security rests on this fence.
“By the time we are done, inshallah, we will be very sure of one thing: that nobody can cross this place,” said the Pakistani officer in charge of South Waziristan.
($1 = 105.1500 Pakistani rupees)
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Study shows dramatic decline in German insect population

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BERLIN, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- Germany is witnessing a dramatic decline in native insect populations which endangers the survival of entire ecosystems, a study published on Thursday warned.
According to the study which appeared in the academic journal "Plos one", German insect populations have shrunk by an average of 76 percent since 1989.
"In the middle of the summer, when many insects are at their peak", an even larger decline of 82 percent was measured, the study authors wrote.
Healthy insect populations are crucial to the functioning of wider ecosystems, ensuring the pollination of flowers amongst others.
The researchers based their findings on measurements of the mass of insects caught in traps installed in 63 locations in North Rhine-Westphalia, Brandenburg and Rhineland-Palatinate over the course of the past 27 years.
The longitudinal study was widely-anticipated by environmental scientists as a source of data on a potential trend of declining insect populations in a quality that was previously unattainable. Insect populations naturally experience substantial variation from year to year, making it necessary to conduct studies over larger periods of time to arrive at meaningful findings.
"This publication proves that we are really confronted with a wider phenomenon", Josef Settele of the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research in Halle said in the newspaper "Sueddeutsche Zeitung" (SZ).
Johannes Steidle, ecologist at the University of Hohenheim further pointed to the worrying circumstance that all probes in the study were taken in nature reserves.
"If the biomass of insects is already declining so dramatically in protected areas, the development in unprotected ecosystems must be at least as serious", Steidle told SZ.
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UN report warns of rising newborn mortality in near future

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GENEVA, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- A latest report by UN agencies warned on Thursday that at current trends of child mortality, nearly 60 million children could die before their fifth birthday between 2017 and 2030, half being newborns.
The report, Levels and Trends in Child Mortality 2017, was jointly released by the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization, the World Bank, and the Population Division of UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
Its statistics show that for every day in 2016, some 15,000 children died before their fifth birthday, including 7,000 babies who died in the first 28 days of life.
Although the number of children who died before the age of five is at a new low, which stood about 5.6 million in 2016 compared with nearly 9.9 million in 2000, the proportion of under-five deaths in the newborn period has increased from 41 percent to 46 percent.
Pneumonia and diarrhea top the list of infectious diseases which claim the lives of millions of children under-five globally, while preterm birth complications and complications during labor or child birth caused 30 percent of newborn deaths in 2016.
In addition to the 5.6 million under-five deaths, 2.6 million babies are stillborn each year, though the majority of which could be prevented.
"Unless we do more to stop babies from dying the day they are born, or days after their birth, this progress will remain incomplete. We have the knowledge and technologies that are required, we just need to take them where they are most needed," said UNICEF Chief of Health Stefan Swartling Peterson.
Existing data show that most newborn deaths occurred in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, taking more than 75 percent of the total mortality when combined. The five countries that accounted for half of all new-born deaths were India (24 percent), Pakistan (10 percent), Nigeria (9 percent), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4 percent) and Ethiopia (3 percent).
The report notes that if all countries had achieved the average mortality of high-income countries, 87 percent of under-five deaths could have been averted and almost 5 million lives could have been saved in 2016.
"It is unconscionable that in 2017, pregnancy and child birth are still life-threatening conditions for women, and that 7,000 newborns die daily," said Tim Evans, senior director of Health Nutrition and Population at the World Bank Group.
"The best measure of success for universal health coverage is that every mother should not only be able to access health care easily, but that it should be quality, affordable care that will ensure a healthy and productive life for her children and family," he added.
For the first time, the report also includes mortality data for older children aged five to 14, capturing other causes of death such as accidents and injuries. Approximately 1 million children aged five to 14 died in 2016, it says.
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Brazilian parliamentary commission rejects charges against Temer

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BRASILIA, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- The Commission of Constitution and Justice (CCJ) of Brazil's Chmaber of Deputies approved on Wednesday, by 39 votes to 26, a report that recommends the Chamber reject new charges against President Michel Temer for obstruction of justice and criminal association.
The recommendation also stated the charges of criminal association against the government's chief of staff, Eliseu Padilha, and the secretary-general of the presidency, Moreira Franco, be rejected.
The report, favorable to Temer and his ministers, was written by deputy Bonifacio de Andrada, who stated that there was no sufficient evidence to continue the process.
Temer has been charged with obstruction of justice by the prosecutor-general after confessions by executives of meatpacking giant, JBS, and Lucio Funaro, a financial operator close to the ruling PMDB party.
They stated that JBS executives paid bribes to buy Funaro's silence concerning corruption within the government, with Temer's approval.
The president is also accused of leading a criminal association, wherein leaders of the PMDB ran a broad corruption and bribery scheme.
Padilha and Franco are accused of being behind this ring which allegedly received millions of dollars in bribes from private companies in exchange for public contracts.
However, the charges will only proceed to a trial at the Supreme Court, if it receives the approval of two-thirds of the Chamber of Deputies, or 342 deputies out of 513. Should this majority be met, Temer will step down from the presidency for 180 days, during which time an impeachment trial will be held.
The expectation is that the Chamber will hold a vote next week. Temer already survived one vote in the Chamber in August, when deputies rejected a charge for passive corruption against him.
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World's first floating wind farm starts production in Scotland

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OSLO, Oct. 18 (Xinhua) -- The first floating wind farm in the world off the coast of
 Scotland has started to deliver electricity to the Scottish grid, said its operator, 
Norwegian multinational oil and gas company Statoil, on Wednesday.
The 30MW wind farm, named Hywind Scotland, is located 25 km offshore 
Peterhead in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and will power approximately 20,000
 households, Statoil said in a statement.
It is operated by Statoil in partnership with Masdar, a renewable energy
 company based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
"Hywind can be used for water depths up to 800 meters, thus opening up
 areas that so far have been inaccessible for offshore wind," Irene Rummelhoff,
 executive vice president of the New Energy Solutions business area in Statoil,
 was quoted as saying.
"The learnings from Hywind Scotland will pave the way for new global market
 opportunities for floating offshore wind energy," she said.
In an opening event in Aberdeen, Scotland, on Wednesday, Scottish First Minister
 Nicola Sturgeon officially opened the floating wind farm.
"I am delighted to open Hywind Scotland -- the world's first floating wind farm
," Sturgeon said. "This marks an exciting development for renewable energy in Scotland."
The project "will help us meet our ambitious climate change targets" and "positions
 Scotland as a world centre for energy innovation," she said.
In recent years, there have been significant cost reductions in both the onshore
 and bottom fixed offshore wind sectors. Floating wind is expected to follow
 a similar downward trajectory over the next decade, making it cost competitive
 with other renewable energy sources, according to Statoil.
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